PTOLEMAIC KINGS of EGYPT. Ptolemy | Soter. As satrap, 323-305 BC. AR Tetradrachm

Description

PTOLEMAIC KINGS of EGYPT: Ptolemy I Soter as Satrap (323-305 BC) AR Tetradrachm

Ruler: Ptolemy I Soter
Date: 323-305 BC (Dated RY 34 of ‘Ozmilk, king of Tyre, 316/5 BC)
Mint: Tyre
Weight: 16.81 g
Diameter: 26.5mm
Die Axis: 7h
Condition: VF, faintly toned

Obverse:

• Design: The head of Herakles (Hercules) facing right, wearing a lion skin headdress. This image is modeled after the legendary hero and is closely associated with the divine ancestry of Alexander the Great, linking Ptolemy I to Alexander’s legacy.

Reverse:

• Design: Zeus Aëtophoros (Zeus bearing an eagle) seated left on a throne, holding an eagle in his outstretched right hand and a scepter in his left. In the left field, there is a Phoenician ‘K (for ‘Ozmilk, the king of Tyre) and a Phoenician date mark (||||-=), corresponding to the 34th regnal year of ‘Ozmilk.

References:

• Price: 3287 (Ake)
• Newell: Dated 38, obv. die XXXI
• DCA: 737

Historical Context: This tetradrachm was issued during the early Ptolemaic period when Ptolemy I Soter governed Egypt as a satrap following the death of Alexander the Great. After Alexander’s empire was divided among his generals, Ptolemy I took control of Egypt and established the Ptolemaic Dynasty, which would last for nearly three centuries.

The coin, struck in the name and types of Alexander III of Macedon (Alexander the Great), reflects the continued use of Alexander’s imagery to legitimize the authority of his successors. The Tyre mint, located in present-day Lebanon, was a significant center of coin production during this period.

The reverse features Zeus Aëtophoros, symbolizing divine kingship and linking the issuer to the divine protection and favor that Alexander himself had claimed. The presence of the Phoenician date and king’s initial ties the coin to the local authority of ‘Ozmilk, the king of Tyre, showing a blend of Hellenistic and local traditions.

Condition and Features: This coin is in VF (Very Fine) condition, with faint toning that enhances its historical allure. The detailed depiction of Herakles and Zeus highlights the artistry of ancient coinage, while the Phoenician markings provide valuable insight into the specific historical context of its minting.

Significance: Coins like this tetradrachm serve as historical documents, offering a glimpse into the complex political and cultural dynamics of the Hellenistic world. Ptolemy I’s issuance of this coin underscores his strategy of consolidating power through association with Alexander’s legacy, while also acknowledging the local rulers and traditions of the regions under his control.

Conclusion: This AR Tetradrachm of Ptolemy I Soter is a remarkable piece of ancient numismatic history, reflecting the early stages of the Ptolemaic Dynasty and the enduring influence of Alexander the Great’s image in the ancient Mediterranean world. Its faint toning and preserved details make it a valuable addition to any collection of ancient coins.